Diabetes: What You Need to Know to Protect Yourself and Your Loved Ones

Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world — and Malaysia is among the countries with the highest rates. Many people are unaware they are at risk until complications appear, and by then, the damage may already be progressing silently.

Whether you’re concerned about your own health or caring for someone you love, understanding diabetes is the first step toward prevention, early detection, and better management.

What Exactly Is Diabetes?

Diabetes occurs when the body cannot properly regulate blood sugar (glucose). Glucose is your body’s main source of energy, but it needs insulin, a hormone made by the pancreas, to enter your cells.

When your body:

• Does not produce enough insulin, or
  
  
• Cannot use insulin effectively (insulin resistance), 

glucose builds up in your bloodstream instead of being used for energy. Over time, this can damage your heart, kidneys, nerves, eyes, and blood vessels.

The Two Most Common Types

1. Type 1 Diabetes

• An autoimmune condition
  
  
• The body attacks its own insulin-producing cells
  
  
• Usually develops in childhood or young adulthood
  
  
• Requires lifelong insulin therapy
  
  

2. Type 2 Diabetes

• The body becomes resistant to insulin or produces too little
  
  
• Most common type, especially in adults
  
  
• Strongly linked to lifestyle habits, nutrition, stress, and genetics

What Causes Diabetes?

Different types have different causes, but several common factors increase the risk:

1. Genetic Factors

• A family history of diabetes increases your likelihood of developing it.

2. Unhealthy Diet

• Frequent consumption of sugary drinks, desserts, fast food, or high-carbohydrate meals can lead to high blood sugar levels over time.

3. Lack of Physical Activity

• A sedentary lifestyle contributes to weight gain and insulin resistance.

4. Obesity

• Excess body fat, especially around the abdomen, significantly increases the risk of Type 2 diabetes.

5. Stress & Poor Sleep

• Chronic stress and sleep deprivation disrupt hormones that help regulate blood sugar.

Common Signs & Symptoms of Diabetes

Many people ignore early symptoms because they seem harmless. Watch out for:

• Frequent urination
  
  
• Increased thirst or hunger
  
  
• Unexplained weight loss
  
  
• Constant tiredness or weakness
  
  
• Blurred vision
  
  
• Slow-healing wounds
  
  
• Numbness or tingling in hands and feet
  
  

If you experience any of these symptoms, seek medical advice and get your blood sugar checked immediately, early diagnosis makes management easier and prevents long-term complications.

Complications You May Not Notice Early

Untreated or poorly managed diabetes can lead to serious health problems:

• Heart disease & stroke
  
  
• Kidney damage (chronic kidney disease)
  
  
• Nerve damage (neuropathy)
  
  
• Eye disease (retinopathy), potentially causing blindness
  
  
• Foot ulcers and infections
  
  

The good news? Most of these complications are preventable with early detection and proper lifestyle habits.

How to Prevent Diabetes

The encouraging news is that Type 2 diabetes is highly preventable. Small lifestyle changes can significantly reduce your risk.

1. Eat a Balanced Diet

• Include whole grains, lean proteins, and vegetables.
  
  
• Reduce sugary beverages, desserts, and snacks.
  
  
• Limit processed foods and deep-fried items.
  
  

2. Exercise Regularly

• Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate activity (such as brisk walking) on most days of the week.

3. Maintain a Healthy Weight

• Losing just 5–10% of body weight can greatly lower your risk of developing diabetes.

4. Manage Stress

• Incorporate relaxation techniques such as meditation, yoga, stretching, or deep-breathing exercises.

5. Go for Regular Health Screenings

• If you’re over 40, overweight, or have a family history of diabetes, screenings are crucial. Early detection of prediabetes can prevent the condition from progressing.

Take Charge of Your Health

Diabetes may be a lifelong condition, but with the right knowledge and lifestyle habits, you can prevent complications and lead a healthy, fulfilling life.

Small steps today, a healthier diet, regular exercise, routine check-ups, can make a big difference tomorrow.

If you’re unsure about your risk, visit your nearest HTM Pharmacy for a quick glucose test or speak to our pharmacists for personalised guidance. Your health matters,  and early action always pays off.