Knee pain can affect anyone. It may start after an injury, build up with repeated activity or develop gradually. The right care depends on what is causing the pain, so pay attention to when it started, where it hurts and whether your knee is swollen or stiff.

What causes knee pain?

Common causes include:

• Injury: A twist, fall or sudden change of direction can strain a ligament or damage other tissues in the knee.
• Repeated strain: Activities such as frequent running or jumping can irritate tendons around the knee.
• Osteoarthritis: This can cause pain and stiffness that develop over time, often becoming more noticeable with activity.
• Other joint conditions: Gout and other conditions can also cause knee pain, sometimes with sudden swelling or warmth.

These conditions need different care. Avoid assuming that all knee pain is due to osteoarthritis.

Who is more likely to have knee problems?

Previous knee injuries, repeated stress on the joint and excess body weight may increase the risk of knee problems. Osteoarthritis also becomes more common with age, and a family history may raise your risk. Having a risk factor does not mean you will develop knee pain.

How can you care for a painful knee?

If pain follows activity, ease back from movements that make it worse. A cold pack wrapped in a towel may help with swelling after a minor injury. Ask a pharmacist which pain relief options are suitable for you, especially if you take other medicines or have a health condition.

For longer-term knee pain, staying active is often helpful. Start with movements you can manage, such as walking, cycling or swimming, and gradually build strength in the muscles that support your knee. If you have osteoarthritis and are above a healthy weight, weight management may also help reduce pain. A doctor or physiotherapist can help you choose exercises that fit your symptoms.

Do joint supplements help?

You may see glucosamine, chondroitin sulphate or turmeric in joint care products. Glucosamine is a substance naturally found in cartilage, the tissue that helps cushion your joints. Supplements usually contain glucosamine sulphate or glucosamine hydrochloride. They are mainly studied in people with knee osteoarthritis, a condition that can cause pain and stiffness over time. 

Chondroitin sulfate is a natural structural component of joint cartilage. It attracts and holds water molecules within joint tissues, providing resistance to compression and cushioning the joints.

When should you get help?

See a doctor if knee pain is not improving after a few weeks or is affecting your daily activities. Seek prompt medical advice if your knee is very painful, hot and swollen, badly misshapen, or you cannot put weight on it.

Not sure what your knee needs? Speak to our pharmacist about your symptoms, medicines and suitable ways to manage your pain.