Ayurveda texts and modern research back the following facts: Small Caltrops (Gokshura) contains protodioscin (a steroidal saponin compound) which converts to dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in the body, a precursor of testosterone, which improves sexual desire and sustains penile erection. Hygrophilia (Kokilaksha) is beneficial in treating impotence, spermatorrhea and seminal debilities. Cowhage/Velvet Bean (Kapikachchu) is an aphrodisiac, which supports the production of hormones associated with the ‘pleasure system’ of the brain. The herb is a prophylactic (preventative) against oligospermia (low sperm count).